WikiJournalClub:List of landmark papers/Infectious Disease

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Pneumonia

  • Acid-suppressive medication associated with 30% increased odds of hospital-acquired pneumonia [[1]]
  • CURB-65 A simple six point score based on confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age can be used to stratify patients with CAP into different management groups. [[2]]
  • SMART-COP simple, practical clinical tool for accurately predicting the need for IRVS that is likely to assist clinicians in determining CAP severity. [[3]]
  • PORT The prediction rule we describe accurately identifies the patients with community-acquired pneumonia who are at low risk for death and other adverse outcomes. This prediction rule may help physicians make more rational decisions about hospitalization for patients with pneumonia.[[4]]
  • PneumA: Comparison of 8 vs. 15 days in VAP [[5]]

Cellulitis

  • EMERGEncy ID Net Study MRSA is the most common identifiable cause of skin and soft-tissue infections among patients presenting to emergency departments in 11 U.S. cities. [[6]]
  • Vancomycin vs. metronidazole in C. difficile-associated diarrhea: metronidazole is first-line for non-severe disease, while vancomycin is preferred for severe disease.
  • An ulcer area larger than 2 cm2, a positive probe-to-bone test result, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of more than 70 mm/h, and an abnormal plain radiograph result are helpful in diagnosing the presence of lower extremity osteomyelitis in patients with diabetes. A negative MRI result makes the diagnosis much less likely when all of these findings are absent. No single historical feature or physical examination reliably excludes osteomyelitis. The diagnostic utility of a combination of findings is unknown. [[7]]
  • MRI can detect very early changes: metanalysis [[8]]

Meningitis

  • In adults with suspected meningitis, clinical features can be used to identify those who are unlikely to have abnormal findings on CT of the head. [9]
  • European Dexamethasone in Adulthood Bacterial Meningitis Study Dexamethasone in acute bacterial meningitis improves outcomes without increasing risk of GI bleeds. [10] Meta-analysis available as well. [11]
  • Adjunctive treatment with dexamethasone improves survival in patients over 14 years of age with tuberculous meningitis but probably does not prevent severe disability. [12]

Bell's Palsy

  • early treatment with prednisolone significantly improves the chances of complete recovery at 3 and 9 months. No evidence of a benefit of acyclovir given alone or an additional benefit of acyclovir in combination with prednisolone. [[13]]
  • corticosteroids associated with a reduced risk of unsatisfactory recovery. [[14]]

Bacterial Endocarditis

  • ICE-PCS Early surgery for NVE is associated with an in-hospital mortality benefit compared with medical therapy alone. [[15]]

Bacteremia


  • Walsh et al Voriconazole compared with liposomal Ampho B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with neutropenia and persistent fever [[20]]
  • Herbrecht et al VORICONAZOLE VERSUS AMPHOTERICIN B FOR PRIMARY THERAPY OF INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSI [[21]]

Tuberculosis

  • The initiation of antiretroviral therapy during tuberculosis therapy significantly improved survival and provides further impetus for the integration of tuberculosis and HIV services. [[22]]

HIV/AIDS

Diagnostics

  • Rapid HIV Tests in the Emergency Department [[23]]

Therapeutics

  • DAD increased risk of MI in pts exposed to abacavir and didanosine. [[24]] [[
  • DAD Increased exposure to PIs a/w increased risk of myocardial infarction, which is partly explained by dyslipidemia. We found no evidence of such an association for nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors; however, the number of person-years of observation for exposure to this class of drug was less than that for exposure to protease inhibitors. [[25]]
  • indinavir, lopinavir-ritonavir, didanosine, and abacavir were associated with a significantly increased risk of MI [[26]]
  • NA-ACCORD The early initiation of antiretroviral therapy before the CD4+ count fell below two prespecified thresholds significantly improved survival, as compared with deferred therapy.[[27]]
  • Study 934 Tenofovir DF, Emtricitabine, and Efavirenz vs. Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Efavirenz for HIV [[28]]
  • Study A5142 Virologic failure was less likely in the efavirenz group than in the lopinavir–ritonavir group. The virologic efficacy of the NRTI-sparing regimen was similar to that of the efavirenz regimen but was more likely to be associated with drug resistance. [[29]]
  • Study A5202 Abacavir–Lamivudine versus Tenofovir–Emtricitabine for Initial HIV-1 Therapy [[30]]
  • BENCHMRK Raltegravir with Optimized Background Therapy for Resistant HIV-1 Infection [[31]]
  • STARTMRK Raltegravir-based versus efavirenz-based combination therapy [[32]]
  • MOTIVATE Maraviroc for Previously Treated Patients with R5 HIV-1 Infection [[33]]
  • Early adjunctive corticosteroid therapy can improve survival and decrease the occurrence of respiratory failure in patients with AIDS and severe P. carinii pneumonia. ([[34]]

Complications

  • Incidence of cancers in people with HIV/AIDS compared with immunosuppressed transplant recipients: a meta-analysis [[35]]
  • HIV Infection Is Associated with an Increased Risk for Lung Cancer, Independent of Smoking [[36]]
  • ACTG 077p/ANRS 009 Study Oral clindamycin and pyrimethamine are an effective treatment for toxoplasmic encephalitis. Patients who have early neurologic deterioration despite treatment or who do not improve neurologically after 10 to 14 days of appropriate antitoxoplasma therapy should be considered candidates for brain biopsy. [[37]]

Tick-Borne Diseases

  • Tick Bite Study Group A single 200-mg dose of doxycycline given within 72 hours after an I. scapularis tick bite can prevent the development of Lyme disease.
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